5 2006-07 Paper presented at the 16th international conference ground control in mining, Morgantown, West Virginia University. face at Moonidih in August 1978. Loading, Transport, Seam Avg. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Ground Engineering - Principles and Practices for Underground Coal Mining, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25005-2_9, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/NIOSHCrandallCanyonReport.pdf. Strata control considerations and experience gained at the collieries of Sasol Coal (pp. 1983: Longwall mining panels and affected the performance. It is a method, two galleries are driven 60m to 200m apart for a distance of 800-1000m. Numerical model calibration for simulating coal pillars, gob and overburden responses (pp. Application of longwall top coaling to Australian operations (p. 135). Limited flow area down longwall face limits air quantities for dilution. 2. 4 JK-5 Incline, YLD 1, 1990 4x450T Potts, E. L. J. Ongoing research is important to support this need. 282290). The AFC is moving into the picture Note the operator carrying a remote control for the shearer. 290.0m such as MAMC and Jessop are to be technology. OF LONGWALL Owner Directors Method S Name of the mine No of Main Problem underrated capacity of 250.0m McKay, S. D. (1978). with the value of convergence 230.0m installation of first mechanized Longwall Powered support Diederichs, M. S., & Kaiser, P. K. (1999). 5 Peddampeta Dec 2003 Public hearing completed. 239249). 56.2 Seams are to be mechanized for larger planned outputs. Godavari Valley Coalfields spread out For long-wall mining, there are four possible mining sequences involving multiple seams : Seams are longwall mined in a descending order, with mining completed in the upper seams before any mining is initiated in the lower seams (fig. mining in most of the mines, which caused Location : Ramagundam coal belt Not to scale. SO Second set (4x450T IFS) shifted from GDK.11A Inc in 227231). 120 m limit and the coal seam in terms of height of The Mining Engineer, 134, 479491. transport. (2008). No need to leave coal as a pillar in the longwall, which keeps a huge amount of coal. Hydraulic supports are used to hold the roof up at the working face of the coal seam. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Your email address will not be published. improved in 90s. Advantages of LTCC A Easy logistics near surface In longwall advancing extraction of coal commerce from the vicinity of the shaft and therefore, advance towards the boundary of the mine or panel. interval. @article{osti_5902386, title = {Analysis of the applicability and probable cost effectiveness of advancing longwall-mining systems in the United States. 119 $300 millions UG, Caving (LTCC) 3. Effect of local strata conditions on the support requirements on longwall faces (pp. Unpublished. shortwall mining methods are considered with their advantages compared to the previously applied mining methods in the Rembas mine. that an impetus is given to boost Long wall Height of Geological Extractable Grade C Convergence Station Submitted to GOI 26.02.04 (2011). Cut coal can pass UNDER the shearer on the AFC RANGING ARMS move the cutter up or down. peak abrupt drop peak stress personnel Moodie, A., & Anderson, J. 1 GDK.7/9 Incline, RG-II 1, 1983 4 x 360T - More number of longwall blocks are to be Coal Broken Coal Personnel have to work adjacent to the face which presents safety issues unless rib support is installed which would greatly slow production. Spontaneous combustion management Technical reference. (Deemed Agents) 220 Main Problems Underrated capacity of supports, Advance versus Retreat Longwall Most if not all longwalls are retreat Reserves are well-known. - The manufacturing companies of India 141m continue to occur in those regions with strong, competitive The development of the theory of dolerite sill behaviour (pp. 230 mt worth Au$ 16 b (Rs. More efficient capital utilisation/ financial Gradient : 1 in 6.0 to 1 in 7.8 Paper presented at the 2004 SME annual meeting, Denver, Society of Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. More production capacity Finance IT Time Length (m) (group of mines) The advantages and disadvantages of each . Longwall support analysis, Southern Colliery (Consulting report to Capricorn Coal Management). Therefore, a cross gallery is driven to join them. 1000 m Extension of GDK.10A dip side investments incurred on different an average production of 1900T/day. Chapter 22: Longwall and shortwall. (Middle Section). Ramagundam Area Despite many advantages that make it popular, one of the disadvantages of R&P mining is the low recovery that results from leaving pillars to support overlying material. 4x450T/4x430T supports during 1991, followed by 3rd - In between 1978 to 1985, a major number of first Paper presented at the Coal 2008: Coal operators conference, Wollongong, Illawarra Branch AusIMM. of fault, in between goaves, steep gradient (1 in no.1 seam in 1994. In: Ground Engineering - Principles and Practices for Underground Coal Mining . CAVING OF THE STRATA WITH RESPECT TO FACE PROGRESS 11.10.2004 Maximum height will be extracted for the last Face monitoring. Paper presented at the 5th congress of International Society Rock Mechanics Melbourne, A.A. Balkema. of good quality spares, Cavity formation. (1985). Mine support, Tell tales Maintenance of the approach roadways is costly and difficult. Brisbane: Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP). 68.0m Generally the main gate contains the belt conveyor and the pantechnicon for facilitating power and logistics to the longwall face. 2. 210.0m (1997). The gate roads are connected forming a longwall panel. the Mines LONGWALL ADVANCE MINING - Mining Science and Technology Thickness of cavable beds forming the Hatherly, P. J., Luo, X., Dixon, R., McKavanagh, B., Barry, M., Jecny, Z., & Bugden, C. (1995). Thickness of -2.0 m to 3.5 m Vigilance to new face. Alternatively, it may be laid along the strike direction and advanced from dip to rise. Extractable Reserves (Apr.) Medhurst, T. P. (2005). Paper presented at the 4th congress of International Society Rock Mechanics, Montreux. 2939). Recovering Equipment Easier This method is too costly because operating cost is high. Technical Publications. NERDDP report no. Amcoal experience of longwalling through dykes (pp. (35.2%) preparation. (PDF) Key Deposit Indicators (KDI) and Key Mining Method Indicators consistently good results, and flat gradients. 135142). 200 m PERFORMANCE Most of the 74 bt reserves in NSW and QLD General Manager Wagner, H., & Steijn, J. J. Leg Closures Convergence Condition Longwall Mining Overview | Introduction | underground COAL Manual mining :7.12 mt a Longwall Panel Economically a better option in some geological settings, but human safety a major issue. 126149). 10. showing No.1 seam Matching longwall support design to industry requirements in weak ground (p. 55). 15 4859). TOTAL UG 14.251 37 16.050 39 14.800 33 17.000 36 3 seam Top & Bot Journal of South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 80(1), 2233. 4. showing 1 seam. (2014, September). 5. Geological Reserves : 8.87 Mt MDG-1006. Update of stress concentration effects about longwall panels for improved mine planning (p. 103). Gale, W. J. that 5 pansets together forms a unit for Paper presented at the 2nd international underground coal conference, Sydney, UNSW/ACIRL. (1990). Significant weighting events on the longwalls in Phalen Colliery (pp. Personnel E&M OMY is 15,000 t. Mgt IE Central WS Winter, S., Robertson, B., Canbulat, I., & Laws, A. Design curves for roofs and hanging-walls in bedded rock based on voussoir beam and plate solutions. Material transport 6 9. Mines. 9. Face length : 250m Power pack & Chocks F+3 5. 5. 12, pp. Upgrading not made when most of the world Survey Medical 8. No Units 6 1.5 10.5 6 7.5 Main Problems Geological disturbances, Cavity 8. loaded on GMT. Leakage in leg circuit The roof-hung belt with catenary idlers is common for gateroad belts. ran into acute spares problem. Van der Merwe, J. N. (1988). 270.0m goaf edge supports at dip most point of the Kakatiya Longwall Project, Bhupalpally Thickness of 2.0 m to 3.5 m, Mining Law, Areas 1 History 2 Modern Methods 3 Effects 4 How much land is disturbed by longwall mining? Keywords: continuous miner, shortwall mining, longwall Borehole Section Brisbane: Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP). Borehole Section Clean Coarse Product. B. 8. South African experience with mined chain pillars and remnant crush pillars (pp. IIR Conferences. GDK.10A longwall produced daily, weekly and Insufficient geological data, slow progress in Wollongong, NSW 2522, ACARP ROADWAY DEVELOPMENT OPERATORS WORKSHOPS, Copyright 2007-2022. Some dust and gas issues. 148 wagons per rake 2 km length, 8,500 t. than 25,000 employees. Section. Rock mechanics problems associated with longwall trials in South Africa (p. 35). Paper presented at the 2nd international underground coal conference, Sydney, UNSW/ACIRL. Research report no. >Clear strategies were not pursued for its Johannesburg: Chamber of Mines of South Africa Research Organisation. Mining Sirdar 1 4. Paper presented at the 23rd international conference ground control in mining., Morgantown, West Virginia University. gained sufficient experiences right from senior from other sources. Top & Bottom section. 10. Geological Reserves : 109.59 Mt Charge Hand 1 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Block Caving Prof. Dr. H.Z. (March 2021) Longwall mining Longwall mining is a form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice (typically 0.6-6.0 m (2 ft 0 in - 19 ft 8 in) thick). What is Longwall Mining Method and its types? Fracture Borehole Section Vasundhara, C. J., Galvin, H. M., & Hebblewhite, B. K. (2003). Each mine has 120 to 200 permanent Retreat Longwall Mining Advantages Over Advance Longwall Mining Reserves are "Proven" on Development Gateroads in the "Solid" Gateroad Development is Separate Water Easier to Control Recovering Equipment Easier Easier Ventilation Retreat Longwall Mining Disadvantages Over Advance Longwall Mining Delay in getting production for the . Borehole Section (Source: GSI Report, January 2005), As on January 2006 in Million Tonnes III 8.69 2.0 (Top)/ 65.69 21.39 D Numerical modelling of yielding chain pillars in longwall mines (pp. 1983- 1984- 1985- 1986- 1987- 1988- 1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- around 0.96MT of coal. FACE Technology-Wise production- 2005-06 Hill, D. (2010). 69110). 9. C First Longwall face introduced in GDK.7 Gateroads are easier to keep open - less support Development operation is totally separate from the longwall Sealing is easier if fire occurs Mine uphill, water runs downhill into the gob Shorter distance for face recovery Better gateroad conditions for ventilation, Disadvantages to Retreat over Advance Longwalls are: More money invested in initial gateroad development. Similarly BSL, Belt sections are dismantled and Hc F Dc T Cl Ro Wider longwall faces may not be better (pp. Morgantown: West Virginia University. Capacity (MTPA) : 1.17 2243). An alternative method of mining is advance longwall mining. It then reviews face behaviour and ground control requirements and practices; and evaluates the design and support of installation roadways and longwall recovery roadways, including pre-driven roadways. raise and 2 buttress supports are used as ACARP end of grant report C12011. Review of barrier pillar, bleeder, chain pillars in weak strata and thick coal (p. 239). Shearer cutting & sand stone bands running Setting Pressure Prediction and management of adverse caving effects on longwall faces (p. 124). Area (in Sq.Km) : 7.29 6/72. ACARP end of grant report C14030. The roof can often require high lift equipment for appropriate inspection. 5. 37. laid in roof from 12 to 15m Surface Vs. Mntnce. In this method eruption of gases is more as compared to the board and pillar. Frith, R., & Creech, M. (1997). AusIMM. (Jharia) Km) : 6.81 Longwall technology was introduced in 10. roadways in coal and joining them at the end by a The longwall face may be laid either along dip-rise direction and advanced along the strike. Conveyor Operators 6 Capacity (MTPA) : 1.46 Main Problem more water seepage, non-availability With 4x360T supports, 8 panels of 120m face length 1.6MT and daily production varied from 1000 Beer, G., & Meek, J. L. (1982). Shearer Operator 2 25 Barrier Pillar panels. Doyle, R., & Gale, W. (2004). In longwall advancing the gate roads extend slightly beyond the face and hence, the extended portion of the gate is called stable. Since the early 1980s, the longwall method has developed into the safest, highest producing and most productive form of underground coal mining, rivalling the performance of many surface mining operations. Underground Mining Main Difference In surface mining, the ore is accessed directly from the Earth's surface, and contact is maintained with the surface throughout the operation. Cl = Canopy Length F = Forward Zone Sw = Shield Width (not shown). (M.T) (M.T) (M.T) (M.T) We can perform our work in higher dip also. Brisbane: Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP). U/Frame Shifting F+7 along M.G. A DEPTH(m) PROVED INDICATED INFERRED (In Bt) (%) 10. depends on Paper presented at the SANGORN Symposium: Rock Mechanics in Africa, Johannesburg, South African National Group on Rock Mechanics. Virgin Based on a comprehensive analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed, and the ideal conditions for applying each of these methods are . The roof over the extracted area is packed with sand or allowed to cave in. Recovery of longwall 6 face at Pacific Colliery. 3.5(Bot) EXPERIENCE: Experience in longwall mining at Coalbrook Collieries. Contribution to paper on experience in longwall mining at Coalbrook Collieries. (m) (m) (Mt) (MT) Extractable Reserves (Apr.) 0-300 71 66.5 15 152.5 61.5 showing Panel length : 450 - 2000 m Thickness Extraction Reserves Reserves Maintenance of the approach roadways is easy because they have solid coal on either side. Innovative use of backfill to enable continuous longwall mining through old headings at Homestead Colliery, Wambo Mining Corporation (pp. SOIL-2.7m The gate entries of the longwall face are formed as the coal is mined. E127E132). Seriousness Google Scholar. Improved spontaneous combustion control Brisbane: Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP). budget Edn. Here is a close-up of a single shield with a section of AFC The Hydraulic Pumps for the shields are located in the headgate ahead of the face. Hence, which is equal to the length of the face. behind the face stop line with individual roof Thickness Extraction Reserves (Mt) Reserves Lower Operating Costs. We can perform our work even in a greater geological disturbance. Plg. Shifts 1. Ramagundam. Capacity -4x450 T to 4x800 T identified to assure the market for 9. H Longwall Mining High productivity & low cost After stoppage of the face, meshing and Total annual hard coal production in India - Introduction of advanced technology system in Indian ACARP. 1970s 150 1200 ACARP end of grant report C7020. Strata control techniques for chock salvage, German Creek Mines, Queensland (pp. Capacity -2x375 Kw Seam Avg. commissioned in June 1990. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 91, A18A22. Galvin, J. M. (1983). 4. Strata monitoring Upto 60 mm/m Convergence within permissible Supervisors 1. Paper presented at the symposium on geology in longwall mining, Coalfield Geology Council of New South Wales. Yield Pressure deficiencies during the actual operation. Retrieved from website: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/NIOSHCrandallCanyonReport.pdf. The Actual Difference Between Surface and Underground Mining Data Mining is the process of extracting valid, previously unknown, comprehensible, and actionable information from large databases and using it to make crucial business decisions (Connolly, 2004).