Can You Transfer Your Nurse License To Another State? Pages - Physical Therapy Compact Privilege - Maryland Department of Health The links below provide educational and reference material to foster a greater understanding of the NLC for nursing students, licensed nurses, employers, and the citizens of the State. [33], A statistical analysis by FiveThirtyEight's Nate Silver of all presidential elections from 1864 to 2016 (see adjacent chart) found that the Electoral College has not consistently favored one major party or the other, and that any advantage in the Electoral College does not tend to last long, noting that "there's almost no correlation between which party has the Electoral College advantage in one election and which has it four years later. [261] States where only one chamber has passed the legislation are Arizona, Arkansas, Michigan, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Virginia. [41] The ratio of the populations of the most and least populous states is far greater currently (68.50 as of the 2020 census[update]) than when the Connecticut Compromise was adopted (7.35 as of the 1790 census), exaggerating the non-proportional component of the compromise allocation. Any law of Maryland that conflicts with the terms of the Interstate Compact is, by law of Maryland, considered "superseded to the extent of the conflict." 2009 Session Laws ch. [29], Some supporters and opponents of the NPVIC believe it gives one party an advantage relative to the current Electoral College system. Maryland was founded as an English colony in 1634 by Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore. [245] The first, a paper by Northwestern University law professor Robert W. Bennett, suggested states could pressure Congress to pass a constitutional amendment by acting together to pledge their electoral votes to the winner of the national popular vote. The Senate amended the bill's text to SF 1426, the Senate's companion bill, which does not contain the NPVIC, and passed the amended version on April 20, 2023. "[131] In so ruling, the Court established the reverse incorporation doctrine that requires equal protection under the laws of the federal government by the Due Process Clause of the 5th Amendment that would later be invoked in Schneider v. Rusk (1964),[132][133] Frontiero v. Richardson (1973),[132][134] Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld (1975),[132][135] Buckley v. Valeo (1976),[132][136] Califano v. Goldfarb (1977),[137] Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pea (1995),[132][138] and United States v. Windsor (2013). presidential electors) accountable to the federal government rather than their local electorates. Maryland, constituent state of the United States of America. Licenses are issued by the home state. He concluded that, as swing states were unlikely to support a compact that reduces their influence, the compact could not succeed without adoption by some red states as well. [202] Brody argued that because the NPVIC binds only states and not electors, those electors could retain independent withdrawal power as faithless electors at the request of the compacting states, unless the compacting states adopt penalties or other statutes that bind the electorswhich 32 states and the District of Columbia currently do. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton (1995) that reaffirmed the Court's ruling in Powell v. McCormack (1969) as interpreting analogous language, the CRS report and Norman R. Williams note that the Court concluded that states cannot exercise their delegated powers over the election of members of Congress under the Elections Clause of Article I, Section IV in a way that would "effect a fundamental change in the constitutional structure" and that such change "must come not by legislation adopted either by Congress or by an individual State, but ratheras have other important changes in the electoral processthrough the amendment procedures set forth in Article V."[191][89][192][193] The majority opinion in Thornton (written by Associate Justice John Paul Stevens) concluded that term limits for public office amount to a qualification because term limits "unquestionably restrict the ability of voters to vote for whom they wish", and noted that when term limits were applied to the Presidency, the term limits were created by a constitutional amendment (i.e. Today, all but two states (Maine and Nebraska) award all their electoral votes to the single candidate with the most votes statewide (the so-called "winner-take-all" system). Opponents of a national popular vote contend that the Electoral College is a fundamental component of the federal system established by the Constitutional Convention. [197] In dicta, the dissenting opinion argued that states may establish qualifications for their own presidential electors if "those qualifications pass muster under other constitutional provisions", but that states have "no reserved power to establish qualifications for the office of President [b]ecause no State may legislate for another State". Additionally, the 12th Amendment outlines the procedure by which presidential contingent elections are conducted, as well as vice presidential contingent elections by the Senate. Please enable JavaScript in your browser. Alabama Arizona Arkansas Colorado Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Indiana Iowa [164], Additionally, as the GAO report noted, the Supreme Court upheld congressional authority under the Federal Corrupt Practices Act in Burroughs v. United States to regulate campaign finance in presidential elections to prevent corruption because that law did not interfere with the power of states to appoint presidential electors or choose their mode of appointment. [161], In Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc. (2013), the Supreme Court ruled that while a state voter registration requirement had been permissibly preempted by the NVRA under the Elections Clause of Article I, Section IV and that the power the Elections Clause delegates to Congress is "none other than the power to pre-empt",[162] the Court also concluded that the same Elections Clause "empowers Congress to regulate how federal elections are held, but not who may vote in them" per the House Electors Qualifications Clause of Article I, Section II and the 17th Amendment that require that "the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. Specifically, the Connecticut Compromise established a bicameral legislature with proportional representation of the states in the House of Representatives and equal representation of the states in the Senate as a compromise between less populous states fearful of having their interests dominated and voices drowned out by larger states,[40] and larger states which viewed anything other than proportional representation as an affront to principles of democratic representation. The Driver License Compact is an agreement between states in the United States of America. The GPS coordinates of Maryland are 39.0458 N and 76.6413 W. With a latitude of 39.0458 N and a longitude of 76.6413 W, Maryland is located in the near the East Coast. Maryland was home to the first railroad, the first dental school and the first umbrella factory. [291][292] Later the bill was entirely rewritten as only a statement of intent and ordering a study for future recommendations, and this version was signed into law.[290]. [141][83][113] However, the GAO report also noted that the precise parameters of that authority is not as clearly established as it is for congressional elections because the Elections Clause of Article II, Section I is textually more limited than the Elections Clause of Article I, Section IV, and also because the amount of federal legislation related to the administration of presidential elections is relatively limited and federal case law is as well by extensionalthough, in upholding the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA), the report noted that federal appellate courts have ruled that the broad authority given to Congress to regulate the administration of congressional elections has been extended to presidential elections. We're available on the following channels. In the 975 general elections for Governor in the U.S. between 1948 and 2011, 90% of winners received more than 50% of the vote, 99% received more than 40%, and all received more than 35%. RN or a licensed practical nurse in a remote state. U.S. interstate compact ensuring presidential elections by popular vote. [225] A 2007 Washington Post and Kaiser Family Foundation poll found that 72% favored replacing the Electoral College with a direct election, including 78% of Democrats, 60% of Republicans, and 73% of independent voters. Currently, each [216][m][62][n][217][o][218][219][p][62][220][q][221] In Moore v. Harper (2023), the Supreme Court held that the Elections Clauses of Article I, Section IV and Article II, Section I "[do] not vest exclusive and independent authority in state legislatures to set the rules regarding federal elections" in rejection of independent state legislature theory (ISL), ruling that laws passed by state legislatures pursuant to the Elections Clauses are not only restrained by the federal constitution and federal law but remain subject to judicial review by state courts and the constraints of state constitutions. [45] Duverger's law supports the contention that plurality elections do not generally create a proliferation of minor candidacies with significant vote shares. [18] Pete du Pont, a former governor of Delaware, in an opinion piece in The Wall Street Journal, called the project an "urban power grab" that would shift politics entirely to urban issues in high population states and allow lower caliber candidates to run. Under the current system, campaign focus as measured by spending, visits, and attention paid to regional or state issues is largely limited to the few swing states whose electoral outcomes are competitive, with politically "solid" states mostly ignored by the campaigns. Bills seeking to repeal the compact in Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, and Washington have failed. [284], Political analyst Nate Silver noted in 2014 that all jurisdictions that had adopted the compact at that time were blue states (all of the states who have joined the compact then and since have given all of their electoral college votes to the Democratic candidate in every Presidential election since the compact's inception), and that there were not enough electoral votes from the remaining blue states to achieve the required majority. [50], Citing Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority v. Citizens for Abatement of Aircraft Noise, Inc. (1991) as stating that if an enumerated power under the Constitution is legislative, then "Congress must exercise it in conformity with the bicameralism and presentment requirements of Article I, Section VII",[96] and noting that the Republican River Compact was initially vetoed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942, the CRS report states that if an interstate compact requires explicit congressional approval, it must be approved by both houses of Congress and signed into law by the President in order to become law. The 12th Amendment also required that contingent elections be held before March 4 and this effectively delegated their conduct to. Which states does Maryland have a reciprocal agreement with? Maine and Nebraska currently award one electoral vote to the winner in each congressional district and their remaining two electoral votes to the statewide winner. the 22nd Amendment). Why Are Compact Nursing States Important? If Maryland is your home state and you are interested in purchasing a privilege to work in another member state, please . In April 2021, reapportionment following the 2020 census caused NPVIC members California, Illinois and New York to each lose one electoral vote, and Colorado and Oregon to each gain one, causing the total electoral votes represented by members to fall from 196 to 195. [126] In 2020, the Supreme Court issued an order dismissing Texas v. Pennsylvania on the basis that the plaintiff state (Texas) lacked standing under Article III to sue the defendant states (Pennsylvania, Georgia, Michigan, and Wisconsin) due to the plaintiff state failing to demonstrate a judicially cognizable interest in how any other state conducts its elections. Questions about this document or the Interstate Compact should be directed to Mary Gable, Assistant State Superintendent and Maryland Commissioner for the . Nevada's AJR 6 has been passed by the 2023 Legislature. State resources. Section 2 of the 20th Amendment changed the commencement date of congressional sessions to January 3. [35], There is some debate over whether the Electoral College favors small- or large-population states. Congress, undoubtedly, possesses that power, as it possesses every other power essential to preserve the departments and institutions of the general government from impairment or destruction, whether threatened by force or by corruption. Flag: The Maryland flag contains the family crest of the Calvert and Crossland families. [86] However, in 2012, the U.S. Justice Department Civil Rights Division declined to challenge California's entry into the NPVIC under Section 5 of the Act, and the October 2019 CRS report notes that the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Shelby County v. Holder (2013), which invalidated Section 4(b) of the VRA, has rendered Section 5 currently inoperable. . [170][171], Such restrictions include base contribution limits,[168] restrictions on contributions from corporations or labor unions directly from general treasuries,[172] pay-to-play contributions from federal contractors,[173] contributions from foreign nationals,[174] contributions made through conduits,[175] restrictions on coordinated expenditures and contributions by political parties or other political action committees,[176] prohibitions on conversion of contributions for candidate personal use expenditures (except child care expenditures incurred as a direct result of campaign activity),[177] prohibitions of solicitation for contributions by members of Congress, candidates for Congress, congressional staff, or federal employees from other federal officers or employees or federal contractors,[178] contributions made by congressional staff and other federal employees to members of Congress who are their employers,[179] contributions as a condition of employment by members of Congress or congressional staff,[180] solicitation of or making contributions in federal workspaces,[181] and mandatory advertising disclaimer and financial disclosure and reporting requirements. If your employer withheld tax for one of the reciprocal states, you can claim a refund from the reciprocal state. [50][56] Instead, the CRS report cites the Court's opinions in Virginia v. Tennessee and Northeast Bancorp as stating that any agreement between two or more states that "cover[s] all stipulations affecting the conduct or claims of the parties", prohibits members from "modify[ing] or repeal[ing] [the agreement] unilaterally", and requires "'reciprocation' of mutual obligations" constitutes an interstate compact. [262], In Maine, an initiative to join the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact began collecting signatures on April 17, 2016. Those who argue that the College favors low-population states point out that such states have proportionally more electoral votes relative to their populations. Nurses with a multistate license can practice in any of the twenty-five NLC participating states. Also, Section 4 of the 20th Amendment grants Congress the power to pass legislation to specify what occurs in contingent elections if one of the candidates the House or Senate chooses from dies. [34], New Yorker essayist Hendrik Hertzberg also concluded that the NPVIC would benefit neither party, noting that historically both Republicans and Democrats have been successful in winning the popular vote in presidential elections. [84], For congressional elections, the GAO report notes that the Supreme Court held in Smiley v. Holm (1932) that Congress has a general supervisory power over all aspects of the administration of congressional elections under the Elections Clause of Article I, Section IV where Congress "may supplement regulations or substitute its own" to the extent where Congress has the power to "provide a complete code for congressional elections", and that the Court extended the general supervisory power of Congress over congressional general elections to congressional primary elections in United States v. Classic (1941) under both the Elections Clause and the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section VIII. PDF SB 154 Department of Legislative Services Maryland General Assembly [19] However, National Popular Vote contends that altering the outcome via electoral fraud would be more difficult under a national popular vote than under the current system, due to the greater number of total votes that would likely need to be changed: currently, a close election may be determined by the outcome in just one "tipping-point state", and the margin in that state is likely to be far smaller than the nationwide margin, due to the smaller pool of voters at the state level, and the fact that several states may have close results. to provide constituents, businesses,
In contrast, the NPVIC would give equal weight to each voter's ballot, regardless of what state they live in. friendly and courteous, timely and
The credit for taxes paid to another state is . [248] The legislation could be structured to take effect only once enough states to control a majority of the Electoral College (270 votes) joined the compact, thereby guaranteeing that the national popular vote winner would also win the electoral college. The compact mandates a July 20 deadline in presidential election years, six months before Inauguration Day, to determine whether the agreement is in effect for that particular election. [188] Conversely, Bradley T. Turflinger, citing New York v. United States (1992), Bush v. Gore, and Fitzgerald v. Green (1890) has argued that the federal government would be in violation of the Guarantee Clause if it required congressional approval of the NPVIC because it would encroach upon state governments' sovereignty over their own legislative processes (i.e. [127][i][128], In Bolling v. Sharpe (1954), the Supreme Court held that school segregation in the District of Columbia was unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the 5th Amendment because while the 5th Amendment does not contain an equal protection clause and the 14th Amendment applies only to the states, the "concepts of equal protection and due process are not mutually exclusive. On average, each state was a party to 34 interstate compacts as of . [228] A September 2020 Gallup poll showed support for amending the U.S. Constitution to replace the Electoral College with a national popular vote rose to 61% with 38% opposed, similar to levels prior to the 2016 election, although the partisan divide continued with support from 89% of Democrats and 68% of independents, but only 23% of Republicans. responsive, accurate and consistent,
[260] In Maine, the legislation also passed both chambers in 2019, but failed the additional enactment vote in the House. Bills that failed without a floor vote are not listed. Section 3 of the 20th Amendment requires that if a, Neither chamber of the U.S. Congress objected to the passage of DC's bill during the. Maryland has reciprocal agreements with Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia. [26] The National Popular Vote Interstate Compact does not eliminate the Electoral College or affect faithless elector laws; it merely changes how electors are pledged by the participating states. [32] A popular vote-Electoral College split favoring the Democrat John Kerry nearly occurred in 2004. State Symbols. Maryland Information | ICPC State Pages If you are an RN living in Maryland and you hold a Maryland Multistate license, you can practice . [241] After a direct popular election amendment failed to pass the Senate in 1979 and prominent congressional advocates retired or were defeated in elections, electoral college reform subsided from public attention and the number of reform proposals in Congress dwindled. Maryland will operate under the new eNLC effective January 19, 2018. Washington. The 12th Amendment requires presidential electors to meet and cast their ballots for President and Vice President within their respective states, to create signed and certified lists of their state's electoral vote counts, and to transmit the certificates to the President of the Senate, and then, in a joint session of Congress, the President of the Senate is required to open all of the certificates and the certificates are required to be counted. [250][235] NPV, Inc. published Every Vote Equal, a detailed, "600-page tome"[245] explaining and advocating for NPVIC,[251][235] and a regular newsletter reporting on activities and encouraging readers to petition their governors and state legislators to pass NPVIC. [j][k][199][200] Likewise, in correspondence to the Court's analysis of congressional elections history, Williams notes that no state has ever appointed their electors in accordance with the national popular voteeven though every state since the 1880 election has appointed its electors upon the results of a poll, which would enable the statewide vote counts to be aggregated. [242], The 2000 US presidential election produced the first "wrong winner" since 1888, with Al Gore winning the popular vote but losing the Electoral College vote to George W. [247], In 2007, NPVIC legislation was introduced in 42 states. "[57], As part of concerns about whether the NPVIC would shift power from the federal government to state governments, at least two legal observers have suggested that the NPVIC would require explicit congressional approval because it would remove the possibility of contingent elections for President being conducted by the U.S. House of Representatives under the 12th and 20th Amendments. [111] The GAO report cites the latter holding from Oregon v. Mitchell with the Court's opinion in Burroughs v. United States as construing the authority of Congress to regulate the administration of presidential elections as being broader than stated in Article II, Section I. [235] Carter himself proposed a Constitutional amendment that would include the abolition of the electoral college shortly after taking office in 1977. [83] In light of the federal functions that presidential electors serve, the Court concluded that "To say that Congress is without power to pass appropriate legislation to safeguard [presidential elections] from the improper use of money to influence the result is to deny to the nation in a vital particular the power of self-protection. [22] Journalist and commentator Peter Beinart has cited the election of Donald Trump, who some, he notes, view as unfit, as evidence that the Electoral College does not perform a protective function. Driver License Compact - Wikipedia accessible and convenient, and
Maryland is also called the "Old Line State" and "Free State." "The Old Line" nickname was given during the Revolutionary War, when 400 soldiers in the First . The Maryland General Assemblys Office
"[215], The majority opinion also stated that "nothing in this opinion should be taken to permit the States to bind electors to a deceased candidate" after noting that more than one-third of the cumulative faithless elector votes in U.S. presidential elections history were cast during the 1872 election when Liberal Republican and Democratic Party nominee Horace Greeley died after the election polls were held and vote tabulations were completed by the states but before the Electoral College cast its ballots, and acknowledging the petitioners concern about the potential political turmoil that the death of a presidential candidate between Election Day and the Electoral College vote count could cause. [238] The difficulty of amending the Constitution has always been the "most prominent structural obstacle" to reform efforts. It borders Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C., to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. Natelson goes on to argue that a state's power to select electors must also be compatible in a substantive sense with the Electoral College composition framework in the Elections Clause, and by extension, the Representatives Apportionment Clause of Article I, Section II, Section 2 of the 14th Amendment, and the 17th Amendment, that gives less populous states disproportionate weight in selecting the President. The Nursing Licensure Compact (NLC) allows licensed nurses around the U.S. to work in other states that take part in the compact with just one license, called a multistate license. JavaScript is required to use content on this page. 'Finding' three votes per precinct in urban areas is not a difficult thing". Compact Nursing States List 2023 | Licensure Map - Nurse.org [59][56] Noting that the NPVIC meets all of those requirements, the CRS report concludes that "the initiative can be described as an interstate compact. Information on States Compact Status. . Where is Maryland located? - World Population Review [71][72] Other legal observers have argued that the power of non-compacting states would be altered because, under the NPVIC, a state's power in determining the outcomes of presidential elections would be changed from the percentage of electors it has in the Electoral College to the state's percentage of the popular vote, rendering the right of non-compacting state governments to appoint their own electors pro forma as the Electoral College outcome would be decided ex ante rather than ex post. You will be able to work in Maryland on your Virginia license as of January 1, 2005. [88][121][122] The NPV Inc. organizers counter that the text of the 14th Amendment states that "No state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws",[123][124] that there is no precedent for claims of interstate violations of the Equal Protection Clause,[125] and that because Bush v. Gore was addressing intrastate rather than interstate non-uniformity, the NPVIC does not violate the Equal Protection Clause. [6] This means that swing state issues receive more attention, while issues important to other states are largely ignored. [30] The NPVIC does not include any provision for a nationwide recount, though Congress has the authority to create such a provision. Maryland | History, Flag, Map, Capital, Population, & Facts Certain legal questions may affect implementation of the compact. [208][209][210][211], The majority opinion written by Associate Justice Elena Kagan noted that while a state legislature's appointment power gives it far-reaching authority over its electors, "Checks on a State's power to appoint electors, or to impose conditions on an appointment, can theoretically come from anywhere in the Constitution", further noting that the states cannot select electors in a manner that would violate the Equal Protection Clause or adopt conditions for elector appointments that impose additional qualifications for presidential candidates (as the latter could conflict with the Presidential Qualifications Clause of Article II, Section I).